Overview
Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It usually occurs in childhood but can affect individuals of any age. It is characterized by an itchy rash with fluid-filled blisters. Once a person contracts chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in the body and may reactivate later in life as shingles.
Symptoms
Chickenpox typically begins with:
- Fever
- Tiredness and fatigue
- Loss of appetite
- Headache
Within a few days, an itchy red rash appears, first as small red spots that quickly turn into fluid-filled blisters. These blisters eventually crust over and heal.
Prevention
The best way to prevent chickenpox is through vaccination:
- The Varicella vaccine is recommended for children, adolescents, and adults who have not had chickenpox.
- Two doses of the vaccine are about 90% effective at preventing chickenpox.
- In addition to vaccination, avoid contact with individuals who have chickenpox or shingles.
Treatment
For those who contract chickenpox:
- Use over-the-counter antihistamines or calamine lotion to reduce itching.
- Stay hydrated and rest.
- Over-the-counter pain relievers, like acetaminophen, can help reduce fever and discomfort (avoid aspirin in children, as it can cause Reye’s syndrome).
- Avoid scratching the blisters to prevent infections or scarring.
In some cases, antiviral medications may be prescribed, especially for those at high risk of complications, such as pregnant women, infants, and people with weakened immune systems.